Definition
A hyperbolic comet is a celestial object composed mainly of ices and dust, whose orbit around the Sun is not closed but hyperbolic. This means it crosses the Solar System only once and does not return.
Structure
Like other comets, its nucleus is a solid mixture of volatile ices, mineral particles, and organic compounds. As it approaches the Sun, sublimation of its surface releases gas and dust that form the coma and tails.
Origin and trajectory
The hyperbolic trajectory indicates an external origin to the Solar System or extreme gravitational perturbations. These objects may come from interstellar regions or result from an originally bound passage altered by the influence of massive planets.
Dynamic behavior
The comet’s speed exceeds the Sun’s escape velocity. After its passage, the object continues moving into interstellar space, carrying its material away from the Sun’s gravitational influence.
Limitations and rarity
These comets are rare compared with periodic comets. Their study provides clues about the conditions of formation and the composition of the outer regions of our Solar System.